![]() ![]() ![]() There are some cases, such as patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) and transsexual individuals who desire a male-to-female sex reassignment, where the individuals are extremely affected by the absence of vagina. When it comes to the condition of vaginal agenesis, it is important to notice that this gynecological pathology is linked to a complex anomaly involving reproductive structural formation problems it can occur in different situations with total or partial absence of the vagina (De Souza et al., 2012 Thomas and Brock, 2007). In this vein, considering the advances in scientific experiments, the tissue engineering may offer new therapies for vaginal reconstruction as well as congenital agenesis by combining cell therapy and new technologies to create new tissue. New techniques and ideas from different fields are leading to surgical procedures innovations and these available therapies involve biological substitutes that can provide a favourable microenvironment for cells and tissues to grow and restore biological activities (Magalhaes et al., 2020). Scientific researchers have recently expanded their research involving stem cells to offer the opportunity to treat gynecological pathologies such as pelvic floor prolapse and uterine and vaginal reconstruction. Vaginal agenesis requiring regenerative therapies The list of bibliographic material contains the relevant scientific literature on the subject and the analysis of the same was used to provide an overview of the combined use of mesenchymal stem cells and PLGA/PIepox. This review aims to present the current knowledge acquired in our research group to contextualise and a perspective on the most important characteristic involving mesenchymal stem cells combined with scaffolds for tissue engineering in gynaecological application. As a result, many efforts have been focusing in the application of technologies involving an in vivo model approach to further extend the use to clinical practice as well as to restore or repair reproductive organs and other organs with similar tissue structures therapies. Our group has recently developed a PLGA/PIepox scaffold and the in vitro model MSCs have shown biological features in the proliferation ability in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/ epoxidized poly (isoprene) (PLGA/PIepox) scaffold (Henckes et al., 2019 Guerra et al., 2018). This aspect of the cell behaviour, combined with biomaterials, results in the release of different factors into the surrounding environment (Yi et al., 2017) leading the way for successful tissue regeneration (Reddy et al., 2020). scaffold matrices) and biological signals that guide secretory products, including immunoregulatory cytokines, growth factors and exosomes into the desired tissue (Klimek and Ginalska, 2020 Pittenger et al., 2019 Cherian et al., 2020). The usage of MSC in combination with scaffolds is promising as a tool in the treatment of damaged tissues that have specific functions, once they create a favourable regenerative microenvironment (De Francesco 2019 Yi et al., 2017) even in cases where the patient has limited amount of available native organ tissue and when tissue regeneration is required.Ī positive biological response in this interesting strategy includes the support for cell growth (e.g. vaginal agenesis) (Galipeau and Sensébé, 2018). In recent times, the therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated and the outcome brings new expectations about the management and possible long-term effects in a wide array of disease models (e.g. For women that present complex reproductive structural anomalies, several new techniques and ideas from different fields are leading to support surgical innovations. While there is no standard procedure for surgical repair, there are many surgical techniques that require multiple surgeries and often additional tissues and nonsurgical techniques (Schenke-Layland and Brucker, 2015 Unger and Paraiso, 2015). Given that the body has a limited self-regeneration ability of tissues and organs (Chen and Liu, 2016), the development of tissue engineering can offer an alternative tailored to meet the specific cases where vaginal reconstruction is required and also provide biological substitutes to restore or maintain tissue/organs function in order to improve the quality of life (Jakubowska et al., 2020). Tissue engineering advances and cell-based therapies have presented promising opportunities for repairing tissue and organ defects as well as acceleration of the regenerative process. ![]()
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